Childhood burns in Zaria, Nigeria

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Surgery
• Public Health
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Burn injuries represent a significant cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality in developing regions.
• Understanding the specific etiological factors and demographic patterns of pediatric burns is crucial for effective prevention and management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the incidence, causes, and outcomes of pediatric burn injuries admitted to Ahmadu Bello University Hospital, Zaria between 1971 and 1980.
• To identify socioeconomic and environmental risk factors contributing to these injuries.
• To evaluate the complications and mortality rates associated with pediatric burns.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 429 pediatric burn admissions over a 10-year period.
• Data collection included patient demographics, burn severity, etiology, seasonal variations, and treatment setting.
• Analysis of complications, mortality, and contributing socioeconomic factors.

Main Results:

• A total of 429 children were admitted with burns; 275 had major burns.
• Flame burns were more common than scalds, with a peak incidence during the harmattan season.
• Mortality was 13% overall, but 29% for neonates; common complications included wound infection and respiratory distress.

Conclusions:

• Socioeconomic factors such as ground-level cooking fires, indigenous garments, and traditional practices contribute significantly to pediatric burn injuries.
• The lack of specialized burn units and the management of burns in general wards present challenges.
• Preventive strategies must address public awareness, childcare supervision, economic development, and housing improvements.