Cardiovascular Complications in Coronavirus Disease 2019-Pathogenesis and Management

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Pathology

Background:

• The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant global morbidity and mortality.
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) exhibits tropism for the cardiovascular system.
• Viral entry into host cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors triggers endothelial injury.

Approach:

• This review synthesizes key literature on cardiovascular complications associated with COVID-19.
• It examines the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive strategies.
• Focus is placed on the mechanisms of viral-induced cardiac damage.

Key Points:

• SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause direct endothelial injury, inflammation, microthrombosis, and angiogenesis.
• Associated cardiovascular conditions include acute myocarditis, arrhythmias, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and thromboembolic disease.
• Understanding these complications is crucial for patient management.

Conclusions:

• COVID-19 poses a substantial threat to cardiovascular health.
• Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management are essential for mitigating adverse cardiac outcomes.
• Further research into preventive measures is warranted.