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Transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in lettuce triggered by microplastics-stress.

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Microplastics (MPs) accumulate in lettuce, causing hypertonic injury and altering gene expression. This study reveals molecular responses to MP stress in plants, impacting human health and ecological risk assessments.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Plant Biology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Microplastics (MPs) pose a global environmental threat.
  • Plant uptake of small MP particles (≤0.2 μm) is a significant concern.
  • Mechanisms of MP-induced plant growth inhibition require clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate MP accumulation in lettuce.
  • Analyze physiological and molecular responses to varying MP concentrations.
  • Elucidate MP effects on gene expression and metabolites.

Main Methods:

  • Hydroponic experiment using fluorescence-labelled polystyrene MPs (∼0.2 μm) at concentrations from 0 to 50 mg L⁻¹.
  • Quantified MP accumulation in root tips and leaf veins.
  • Assessed changes in plant physiology, gene expression, and root exudate metabolites.

Main Results:

  • MP accumulation observed in lettuce root tips and leaf veins.
  • MP exposure led to hypertonic injury and down-regulation of ion homeostasis genes.
  • Upregulation of stress-related genes and increased sphingolipid metabolism observed.
  • Biosynthesis of ascorbic acid, terpenoids, and flavonoids increased in root exudates.

Conclusions:

  • Lettuce exhibits molecular-level responses to microplastic stress.
  • Findings provide insights into plant-microplastic interactions and potential risks.
  • Enables comprehensive evaluation of microplastic risks to human health and ecosystems.