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Related Concept Videos

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

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Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
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The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which...
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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
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The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
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Modeling Paracrine Noncanonical Wnt Signaling In Vitro
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Ptip is essential for tooth development via regulating Wnt pathway.

Jianfei Liang1,2,3,4, Jing Wang1,5, Chen Ye1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.

Oral Diseases
|January 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Ptip is essential for tooth development. Loss of Ptip impairs dental progenitor cell function and tooth regeneration by activating Wnt signaling.

Keywords:
WlsPtipWnt pathwayincisorsmesenchymal progenitor cellstooth development

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Epigenetic regulators are vital for stem cell maintenance.
  • The role of Ptip, an epigenetic regulator, in dental progenitor cells is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of Ptip in dental progenitor cells and tooth development.

Main Methods:

  • Generated Ptip conditional knockout mice (Ptipf/f; Sp7-icre).
  • Analyzed tooth phenotype using micro-CT, SEM, H&E, and immunofluorescence.
  • Sorted dental mesenchymal progenitor cells and performed RNA sequencing.

Main Results:

  • Ptip deficiency in dental progenitor cells led to incisor fractures, abnormal incisor overgrowth, and molar root shortening.
  • Impaired function of odontoblasts and dental progenitor cells was observed.
  • Loss of Ptip activated the Wnt pathway and Wls expression, significantly reducing incisor regenerative capacity.

Conclusions:

  • Ptip plays a critical role in tooth development.
  • Ptip regulates tooth development through the Wnt signaling pathway.