Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Network Covalent Solids

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview

Neutral hydrocarbons like cyclopentadiene with an odd number of carbon atoms and one intervening CH2 group in the ring are not aromatic. Cyclopentadiene with 4 π electrons does not satisfy the 4n + 2 π electron rule. Additionally, the intervening CH2 group is sp3 hybridized and lacks a vacant p orbital, thereby interrupting the overlap of p orbitals in a continuous manner and preventing the delocalization of π electrons throughout the ring.
Due to the absence of continuous...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Prevalence and determinants of multimorbidity in older Chinese adults: a nationwide cross-sectional study using CLASS data.

BMC geriatrics·2026

Same author

Prediction of the effect of biochar on soil CEC improvement based on machine learning.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Amorphous FeBP Magnetic Beads with l-Ascorbic Acid Modification for Efficient Sperm Separation in Forensic Analysis.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026

Same author

Declines in ovarian reserve associated with ambient ozone exposure: mediating role of lipid profile.

Lipids in health and disease·2026

Same author

Crt-miR166a, a Citrus-Derived MicroRNA, Modulates the Gut Microbiota-Metabolites under High-Fat Diet.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2026

Same author

Bimetallic Ce/Zr-MOF nanozyme for integrated colorimetric detection and degradation of tetracycline in foods.

Food chemistry·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Published on: July 10, 2017

Multiple Impact-Resistant 2D Covalent Organic Framework.

Weizhe Hao¹, Yushun Zhao^1,2, Linlin Miao²

¹School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150001, China.

|January 18, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Ultralight covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a novel 2D nanomaterial, show exceptional armor-piercing protection. Their unique structure dissipates energy effectively, outperforming traditional materials like steel and Kevlar.

Keywords:

2D COF MD simulation energy dissipation mechanism fracture mechanism impact resistance

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks

Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: February 10, 2023

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Published on: September 5, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Published on: July 10, 2017

Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks

Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: February 10, 2023

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Published on: September 5, 2014

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Mechanical Engineering

Background:

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are increasingly explored for advanced applications.
Developing materials with superior impact resistance is crucial for protection technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact-resistant capabilities of ultralight monolayer covalent organic frameworks (COFs).
To understand the underlying mechanisms of energy dissipation and crack propagation resistance in COFs under high-velocity impact.

Main Methods:

Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to analyze the dynamic responses of COFs.
Specific penetration energy was calculated and compared against traditional impact-resistant materials.

Main Results:

Monolayer COFs exhibit superior impact-resistant capability compared to steel, poly(methyl methacrylate), and Kevlar.
Hexagonal nanopores in COFs allow for significant deformation (torsion and stretching), enhancing energy dissipation.
Deformable nanopores effectively inhibit crack propagation, enabling COFs to withstand multiple impacts.

Conclusions:

Covalent organic frameworks demonstrate extreme dynamic responses under high-velocity impact.
The unique structural properties of COFs offer a promising avenue for designing next-generation super-strong, lightweight armor materials.