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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 14, 2025

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions
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Infection-elicited microbiota promotes host adaptation to nutrient restriction.

Mirian Krystel De Siqueira1, Vinicius Andrade-Oliveira2,3, Apollo Stacy2,3

  • 1Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|January 18, 2023
PubMed
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Transient gut infections can optimize host metabolism for carbohydrate use and improve insulin sensitivity. This microbiota-driven adaptation enhances host fitness and survival during nutrient restriction.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Host-microbe interactions
  • Metabolic adaptation

Background:

  • The gut microbiota is crucial for host health, aiding in pathogen defense and dietary adaptation.
  • The impact of environmental challenges, like infections, on microbiota resilience to nutrient fluctuations is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how transient gut infections influence host metabolism and microbiota composition.
  • To determine if infection-induced metabolic changes enhance host resilience to nutrient scarcity.

Main Methods:

  • Induction of transient gut infection in a mouse model.
  • Analysis of host metabolic parameters, including weight gain, adipose tissue expansion, glucose disposal, and insulin sensitivity.
  • Characterization of gut microbiota composition, focusing on specific bacterial taxa like Betaproteobacteria.
  • Assessment of host response to nutrient restriction post-infection.

Main Results:

  • Acute gut infection followed by pathogen clearance led to increased weight gain and white adipose tissue expansion.
  • Previously infected mice showed improved glucose disposal and insulin sensitivity.
  • Metabolic remodeling was dependent on gut microbiota alterations, with infection-elicited Betaproteobacteria sufficient to enhance carbohydrate metabolism.
  • Infection-induced metabolic changes protected mice from stunting under nutrient-limited conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Transient gut infections can reprogram host metabolism towards carbohydrate utilization.
  • Gut microbiota alterations, particularly the expansion of Betaproteobacteria, play a key role in this metabolic optimization.
  • Infection-induced adaptations enhance host fitness and survival, offering protection against nutrient restriction.
  • This phenomenon may represent an adaptive strategy in environments with high infection and food insecurity.