The Global Human Monkeypox Outbreak and Management: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Monkeypox (MPX) belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus (OPV), family Poxviridae, and sub-family Chordopoxvirinae. Human monkeypox (HMPX) is a viral zoonotic illness caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV). Several non-endemic countries have confirmed MPX cases across the globe. Therefore, consider an outbreak to be a global health emergency. MPXV transmits from animals to humans via infected animals, and there is currently human-to-human transmission, notably among guys who have sexual relations with males. Healthcare interventions are required to stop outbreaks. These include strict isolation and care for MPX patients while they are still contagious or until the skin lesions dry out and crust over. JYNNEOS was approved as a vaccine for the prevention of MPXV. Tecovirimat is licensed to treat severe MPX or risk developing a serious disease. We should encourage international cooperation to conduct clinical trials investigating the effectiveness and safety of MPXV vaccines and antiviral medications. Precautions must be taken at the global level to prevent an MPXV outbreak.