Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Planar Rigid-Body Motion01:22

Planar Rigid-Body Motion

496
Understanding the movement of a rigid body in planar motion involves recognizing that every particle within this body is traversing a path that maintains a consistent distance from a specific plane. This concept is fundamental in the study of physics and mechanical engineering, and it allows us to comprehend better how objects move in space.
Planar motion is typically divided into three distinct categories. The first is rectilinear translation, demonstrated by a subway train that moves along...
496
Absolute Motion Analysis- General Plane Motion01:24

Absolute Motion Analysis- General Plane Motion

249
Visualize a drone, with its propellers spinning rapidly, hovering mid-air. The fascinating movements and operations of this drone can be comprehended by applying the principle of general plane motion.
As the drone's propellers rotate, an upward force is generated that counteracts the force of gravity, enabling the drone to lift off from the ground. This initial movement of the drone is along a straight path, representing a form of translational motion. In this phase, every point on the...
249
Neural Control of Respiration01:18

Neural Control of Respiration

2.7K
The neural regulation of respiration is a meticulously coordinated process primarily controlled by the respiratory centers located within the brainstem. These centers, composed of specialized neurons, transmit nerve impulses that control the contraction and relaxation of our respiratory muscles.
Respiratory Centers in the Brainstem
Two primary areas comprise the respiratory center: the medullary respiratory center in the medulla oblongata and the pontine respiratory group in the pons. The...
2.7K
Virtual Work for a System of Connected Rigid Bodies01:06

Virtual Work for a System of Connected Rigid Bodies

452
Virtual work is a powerful method used to solve problems involving several connected rigid bodies. When the system is in equilibrium, virtual work is zero. This allows the calculation of the resulting forces when a system undergoes a virtual displacement. When attempting to analyze such a system, first, use a free-body diagram, where an independent coordinate represents the configuration of the links, and mark its deflected position resulting from the positive virtual displacement.
Next,...
452
Curvilinear Motion: Rectangular Components01:23

Curvilinear Motion: Rectangular Components

525
Curvilinear motion characterizes the movement of a particle or object along a curved path, notably evident when envisioning a car navigating a winding road. If the car starts at point A, its position vector is established within a fixed frame of reference, where the ratio of the position vector to its magnitude signifies the unit vector pointing in the position vector's direction.
As the car advances, its position evolves over time. Quantifying the car's velocity involves computing the...
525
Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm01:29

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm

1.7K
Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
1.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Beyond the LUMIR challenge: The pathway to foundational registration models.

Medical image analysis·2026
Same author

Free-Breathing Dynamic, Regularized, Adaptive Cluster Optimization (DRACO) Cine Cardiac MRI in Atrial Fibrillation.

Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI·2026
Same author

Survey of work-from-home experiences among medical physicists in Southern California during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Journal of applied clinical medical physics·2026
Same author

Hierarchical heated markov modeling for synthesizing activity data from wearable devices.

Computational and structural biotechnology journal·2026
Same author

Benchmark of Segmentation Techniques for Pelvic Fracture in CT and X-Ray: Summary of the PENGWIN 2024 Challenge.

IEEE transactions on medical imaging·2026
Same author

CIP2A mediates mitotic recruitment of SLX4/MUS81/XPF to resolve replication stress-induced DNA lesions.

Nature communications·2025
Same journal

A computer-aided diagnosis tool in prostate cancer patients with biochemical recurrence using 18F-PSMA PET/CT imaging.

Medical physics·2026
Same journal

Investigating the uncertainty of cellular microenvironment parameter estimations via diffusion MRI cytometry.

Medical physics·2026
Same journal

Correction to "On the shape of the radiation survival curve in tumor spheroids: The role of oxygen heterogeneity".

Medical physics·2026
Same journal

Multi-view constrained semi-supervised vertebra detection for 3D ultrasound spine volume.

Medical physics·2026
Same journal

Accuracy of quantitative <sup>177</sup>Lu SPECT/CT imaging: A systematic review.

Medical physics·2026
Same journal

Physics-constrained dual-domain network for CBCT reconstruction from orthogonal X-rays in gynecologic radiotherapy.

Medical physics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Three-Dimensional Phase Resolved Functional Lung Magnetic Resonance Imaging
10:44

Three-Dimensional Phase Resolved Functional Lung Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: June 21, 2024

579

A conditional registration network for continuous 4D respiratory motion synthesis.

Yudi Sang1,2, Dan Ruan1,2

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Medical Physics
|January 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new method to create continuous 4D respiratory motion from two breathing phases. This technique enhances 4D computed tomography (4DCT) data quality and consistency for better medical imaging analysis.

Keywords:
deep learningimage registrationimage synthesis

More Related Videos

Management of Respiratory Motion Artefacts in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography using an Amplitude-Based Optimal Respiratory Gating Algorithm
06:53

Management of Respiratory Motion Artefacts in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography using an Amplitude-Based Optimal Respiratory Gating Algorithm

Published on: July 23, 2020

5.7K
Four-Dimensional CT Analysis Using Sequential 3D-3D Registration
05:05

Four-Dimensional CT Analysis Using Sequential 3D-3D Registration

Published on: November 23, 2019

8.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Three-Dimensional Phase Resolved Functional Lung Magnetic Resonance Imaging
10:44

Three-Dimensional Phase Resolved Functional Lung Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: June 21, 2024

579
Management of Respiratory Motion Artefacts in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography using an Amplitude-Based Optimal Respiratory Gating Algorithm
06:53

Management of Respiratory Motion Artefacts in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography using an Amplitude-Based Optimal Respiratory Gating Algorithm

Published on: July 23, 2020

5.7K
Four-Dimensional CT Analysis Using Sequential 3D-3D Registration
05:05

Four-Dimensional CT Analysis Using Sequential 3D-3D Registration

Published on: November 23, 2019

8.0K

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Radiology
  • Computational Anatomy

Background:

  • Four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) offers vital physiological data but faces challenges like motion artifacts and quality assurance burdens.
  • Developing 4D synthesis methods can improve data availability, consistency, and quality.
  • High-quality synthesized 4D data can support real-time imaging analysis and reconstruction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize continuous 4D respiratory motion from two extreme breathing phases (end-inhalation and end-exhalation).

Main Methods:

  • A conditional image registration network was trained using end-inhalation (EI) and end-exhalation (EE) images.
  • The network generates arbitrary breathing phases by adjusting a conditional variable.
  • Volume compensation and calibration post-processing were applied to enhance intensity synthesis accuracy.

Main Results:

  • The developed method produced spatiotemporally smooth and realistic 4D respiratory motion fields.
  • Achieved a root-mean-square error of (70.1 ± 33.0) HU and a structural similarity index of (0.926 ± 0.044) against ground-truth 4DCT.
  • Synthesizing 10 breathing phases required approximately 2.85 seconds.

Conclusions:

  • A novel approach for synthesizing continuous 4D respiratory motion from EI and EE image pairs was presented.
  • The network allows precise control over generating motion fields for arbitrary intermediate breathing phases by modifying the conditional variable.