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Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Intramucosal Inoculation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in Mice for Tumor Immune Profiling and Treatment Response Assessment
Published on: April 22, 2019
Nivolumab plus cabozantinib for advanced renal cell carcinoma
David J Benjamin1, Kyle Nolla2, David Cella2
1Hoag Family Cancer Institute, 1 Hoag Drive, Building 51, Newport Beach, CA 92663, USA.
Abstract:
Advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains a challenging oncologic disease to treat despite advancements in therapeutics. Nonetheless, the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immunotherapy has drastically altered the treatment landscape for advanced RCC over the past decade. The current standard-of-care treatment for advanced RCC involves combination TKI and immunotherapy regimens including cabozantinib and nivolumab as studied in the CheckMate 9ER trial. This review summarizes the preclinical and clinical evidence that led to the CheckMate 9ER study, as well as pertinent study aspects such as treatment efficacy, adverse events and patient-related outcomes.
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