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Racial Health Equity and Social Needs Interventions: A Review of a Scoping Review
Crystal W Cené1,2, Meera Viswanathan3, Caroline M Fichtenberg4,5
1Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego.
JAMA Network Open
|January 19, 2023
Summary
Social needs interventions rarely consider race as a marker of racism or analyze differential impacts. Future research must address how racism affects health to ensure interventions benefit minoritized groups.
Area of Science:
- Health Services Research
- Health Equity
- Social Determinants of Health
Background:
- Social needs interventions address factors like food insecurity to improve health and reduce inequities.
- The effectiveness of these interventions in reducing racial and ethnic inequities is not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine how studies on social needs interventions in multiracial populations conceptualize and analyze race/ethnicity.
- To assess if these studies advance racial health equity research.
Main Methods:
- A scoping review of 152 studies published between 1995 and 2021.
- Studies were evaluated for conceptual thoughtfulness regarding racism and analytical informativeness regarding race/ethnicity.
Main Results:
- Only 9% of studies were conceptually thoughtful about racism's role.
- 14% of studies conducted informative analyses by race/ethnicity.
- Of those with differential analyses, 4 studies showed improved outcomes for minoritized groups.
Conclusions:
- Most social needs intervention studies do not adequately address the root causes of racial health inequities.
- Future research needs a stronger theoretical framework linking race, racism, and health disparities to ensure equitable benefits.
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