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Provably-secure quantum randomness expansion with uncharacterised homodyne detection.

Chao Wang1, Ignatius William Primaatmaja1,2, Hong Jie Ng1

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This study introduces a novel quantum random number generator (QRNG) protocol that eliminates calibration needs and is secure against quantum side information. The simplified design is ideal for integrated photonic platforms, enabling practical, self-testing QRNGs.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Cryptography
  • Photonics

Background:

  • Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) offer certifiably random numbers but often require precise calibration and can be vulnerable to side-channel attacks.
  • Experimental challenges and calibration requirements hinder the widespread adoption and security analysis of current QRNG systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose, design, and experimentally demonstrate a QRNG protocol that removes measurement device calibration requirements.
  • To develop a QRNG secure against quantum side information, finite-size effects, and non-independent and identically distributed measurement sides.
  • To create a simple, practical QRNG suitable for integrated photonic platforms.

Main Methods:

  • A novel QRNG protocol was designed, removing the need for precise calibration of the measurement device.
  • The protocol accounts for finite-size effects and relaxes the assumption of independent and identically distributed measurements.
  • A fiber-optical experimental system utilizing a home-made homodyne detector was constructed.

Main Results:

  • The experimental system achieved an effective efficiency of 91.7% at 1550 nm and operated at a rate of 2.5 MHz.
  • A net randomness expansion rate of 4.98 kbits/s was obtained over 10^10 rounds.
  • The proposed QRNG protocol demonstrated security against quantum side information and removed calibration dependencies.

Conclusions:

  • The developed QRNG protocol offers a simplified implementation using standard optical components, suitable for integrated photonic platforms.
  • The results pave the way for practical, self-testing quantum random number generators with provable security.
  • This work addresses key experimental challenges, enhancing the feasibility of secure QRNGs.