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Global Climate Change01:50

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
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A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
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Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions
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The global historical climate database HCLIM.

Elin Lundstad1,2, Yuri Brugnara3,4, Duncan Pappert3,4

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This study compiles a comprehensive global climate dataset, including air temperature and precipitation, from early instrumental records. This valuable historical weather data supports scientific research and climate decision-making.

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Area of Science:

  • Climatology
  • Meteorology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Growing demand for historical weather and climate data for scientific research and policy-making.
  • Need for a consolidated, quality-controlled global dataset of early instrumental climate records.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compile and construct a global, multivariable monthly instrumental climate database.
  • To integrate existing early instrumental time series with newly rescued data.
  • To provide a comprehensive resource for climate reconstructions and analyses.

Main Methods:

  • Compilation of climate series starting before 1890 from existing and newly acquired data.
  • Rigorous quality control procedures applied to all data series.
  • Processing of subdaily data to monthly means and deduplication based on coordinates and correlations.

Main Results:

  • Creation of a global monthly climate database with 12,452 meteorological records across 118 countries.
  • Inclusion of variables such as air temperature, pressure, precipitation sum, and precipitation days.
  • Dataset represents the most extensive global monthly climate data collection for the preindustrial era.

Conclusions:

  • The compiled dataset offers a robust foundation for historical climate research.
  • The data facilitates improved climate reconstructions and analyses.
  • This resource is crucial for understanding long-term climate variability and change.