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Related Concept Videos

P-N junction01:11

P-N junction

600
A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...
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Introduction to Functional Groups02:08

Introduction to Functional Groups

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Functional groups are group of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups are found along the carbon backbone of macromolecules can form chains or rings of carbon atoms. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.  
Types of common functional groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance
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Identifying the functional groups effect on passivating perovskite solar cells.

Jiangsheng Xie1, Keyou Yan2, Houyu Zhu3

  • 1Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.

Science Bulletin
|January 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Investigating organic molecule functional groups for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) reveals that stronger chemical bonds enhance performance. Para-tert-butylbenzoic acid (tB-COOH) significantly improves efficiency and long-term stability.

Keywords:
Chemical bondingFunctional groupsHydrogen bondingPerovskite solar cellSurface passivation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Renewable Energy

Background:

  • Organic molecules are used to passivate perovskite surfaces in solar cells, aiming to boost efficiency and stability.
  • The specific impact of different chemical bonds on passivation effectiveness is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comparatively analyze the passivation effects of 12 functional groups on para-tert-butylbenzene for perovskite solar cells (PSCs).
  • To correlate chemical bonding strength with improvements in device performance.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic investigation of 12 functional groups on a para-tert-butylbenzene scaffold for perovskite surface passivation.
  • Measurement of open circuit voltage (VOC) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) for modified PSCs.
  • Long-term stability testing under ambient conditions.

Main Results:

  • Open circuit voltage (VOC) generally increases with the chemical bonding strength between perovskite and passivation molecules.
  • Para-tert-butylbenzoic acid (tB-COOH) demonstrated superior surface passivation, forming a stable crystalline interlayer.
  • The tB-COOH device achieved a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.46% and retained 88% of its initial performance after 1 year of ambient storage.

Conclusions:

  • Chemical bonding strength is a critical factor in the passivation of perovskite surfaces for PSCs.
  • Para-tert-butylbenzoic acid (tB-COOH) offers exceptional surface stabilization, leading to high efficiency and remarkable long-term durability.
  • This study provides valuable insights into designing effective passivation strategies for perovskite solar cells.