Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 13, 2025

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
Published on: August 24, 2017
Psychopathological symptoms as a common Risk Factor for Tinnitus distress and magnitude: A cross-sectional study
1National Institute of Psychology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Objective:
To examine the association of tinnitus distress, tinnitus magnitude and psychopathological symptoms among patients with ear-related problems.
Methods:
The cross-sectional study was conducted from December 1, 2020, to June 30, 2021, at the Hearing and Balance Clinic, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, in collaboration with the National Institute of Psychology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, and comprised adult tinnitus patients of either gender. All patients underwent ear examination and audiological evaluations for tinnitus matching. Psychological assessment was done using the Tinnitus Magnitude Index, the Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire and the Symptoms Check List-90. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.
Results:
Of the 159 subjects, 97(61%) were male and 62(39%) were females. The overall mean age was 47.94±17.47 years. Patients showed statistically significant tendency to develop psychopathological symptoms, including somatisation, phobic anxiety, depression and paranoid ideation (p<0.05). Additionally, significant gender differences were also observed (p<0.05).
Conclusions:
There was a high prevalence of tinnitus distress along with psychopathological symptoms among tinnitus patients.
Related Concept Videos
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events,...
Personality Disorders: Schizotypal and Histrionic
Schizotypal Personality Disorder: Eccentric Behavior and Social Withdrawal
Schizotypal personality disorder is marked by odd or eccentric...
Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia
Depressive Disorders: Etiology
Biological Factors in Depression
Biological predispositions significantly influence the risk of developing depressive disorders. Genetic studies highlight the role of variations in the serotonin transporter...
Stress and Mental Health
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
Generalized Anxiety Disorder

