Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Investigating Motor Skill Learning Processes with a Robotic Manipulandum
Published on: February 12, 2017
Ability and Nonability Predictors of Real-World Skill Acquisition: The Case of Rubik's Cube Solving
Elizabeth J Meinz1, David Z Hambrick2, James J Leach1
1Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA.
Abstract:
Most research on skilled performance is correlational, with skill and predictors measured at a single point in time, making it difficult to draw conclusions about the acquisition of skill. By contrast, in this study, we trained novice participants (N = 79) to solve Rubik's Cubes using a 7-step solution method. Participants also completed measures of fluid intelligence (Gf), working memory capacity (WMC), and nonability factors (grit, growth mindset, NFC, and the "big five"). Overall, higher Gf (but not WMC) was predictive of efficient and accurate Rubik's cube skill. No nonability variables were associated with skill. Our results provide compelling evidence for the importance of intellectual talent (cognitive ability) in developing expertise in a complex task.
Related Concept Videos
Cognitive Learning
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Machines: Problem Solving II
Machines: Problem Solving I
The toggle clamp system is a machine structure consisting of movable, pin-connected multi-force members that form a stabilized system to transmit forces. The...
Problem-Solving
01:19Learned Behavior I

