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Suicide Risk Among Individuals Diagnosed With Cancer in the US, 2000-2016.

Xin Hu¹, Jiemin Ma², Ahmedin Jemal³

¹Department of Health Policy and Management, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia.

JAMA Network Open

|January 20, 2023

Summary

Individuals with cancer have a higher risk of suicide, especially within the first six months post-diagnosis. This elevated risk persists across various demographic groups, underscoring the need for targeted interventions.

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Epidemiology
Public Health

Background:

Cancer patients exhibit increased suicide risks compared to the general population.
Limited data exists on national suicide estimates and risk factors among cancer patients in the US.

Purpose of the Study:

To estimate contemporary suicide risks in US cancer patients.
To identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with suicide risk in this population.

Main Methods:

Population-based cohort study (2000-2016) of over 16 million US cancer diagnoses.
Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) compared cancer cohort suicide risk to the general population.
Cox proportional hazards models identified cancer-specific suicide risk factors.

Main Results:

Overall suicide risk for cancer patients was elevated (SMR=1.26), with a decreasing trend observed.
Highest risks were noted in the first 6 months post-diagnosis (SMR=7.19).
Elevated risks were seen across sociodemographic groups, particularly Hispanic, Medicaid/Medicare-insured, and uninsured individuals.

Conclusions:

Elevated suicide risks in cancer patients persist, despite a declining trend over two decades.
Suicide risk varies significantly based on sociodemographic and clinical factors.
Urgent need for timely symptom management and psychosocial interventions for suicide prevention in cancer patients.