A Par3/LIM Kinase/Cofilin Pathway Mediates Human Airway Smooth Muscle Relaxation by TAS2R14

TAS2Rs (bitter taste receptors) are GPCRs (G protein-coupled receptors) expressed on human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells; when activated by receptor agonists they evoke marked airway relaxation. In both taste and HASM cells, TAS2Rs activate a canonical G_βγ-mediated stimulation of Ca²⁺ release from intracellular stores by activation of PLCβ (phospholipase Cβ). Alone, this [Ca²⁺]_i signaling does not readily account for relaxation, particularly since bronchoconstrictive agonists acting at G_q-coupled receptors also increase [Ca²⁺]_i. We established that TAS2R14 activation in HASM promotes relaxation through F-actin (filamentous actin) severing. This destabilization of actin was from agonist-promoted activation (dephosphorylation) of cofilin, which was pertussis toxin sensitive. Cofilin dephosphorylation was due to TAS2R-mediated deactivation of LIM domain kinase. The link between early receptor action and the distal cofilin dephosphorylation was found to be the polarity protein partitioning defective 3 (Par3), a known binding partner with PLCβ that inhibits LIM kinase. The physiologic relevance of this pathway was assessed using knock-downs of cofilin and Par3 in HASM cells and in human precision-cut lung slices. Relaxation by TAS2R14 agonists was ablated with knock-down of either protein as assessed by magnetic twisting cytometry in isolated cells or intact airways in the slices. Blocking [Ca²⁺]_i release by TAS2R14 inhibited agonist-promoted cofilin dephosphorylation, confirming a role for [Ca²⁺]_i in actin-modifying pathways. These results further elucidate the mechanistic basis of TAS2R-mediated HASM relaxation and point toward nodal points that may act as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease response modifiers or additional targets for novel bronchodilators.