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Introducing spatial availability, a singly-constrained measure of competitive accessibility.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spatial availability enhances accessibility measures by incorporating population competition, improving how we understand access to opportunities. This new method better matches opportunity-seeking populations and aids in spatial equity analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Spatial analysis and transportation planning.
  • Urban and healthcare planning methodologies.
  • Geographic information systems (GIS) applications.

Background:

  • Accessibility indicators are crucial for planning, estimating spatial interaction potential.
  • Existing measures with congestion may not accurately reflect population-based opportunity seeking.
  • Incorporating competition is a proposed enhancement for accessibility interpretability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate limitations of current congestion-based accessibility measures.
  • To propose and define 'spatial availability,' an accessibility measure with competition.
  • To show the equivalence of spatial availability with the Two-Stage Floating Catchment Area (2SFCA) method.

Main Methods:

  • Developing a new accessibility formulation incorporating proportional allocation balancing factors.
  • Utilizing data from the 2016 Transportation Tomorrow Survey for the Greater Golden Horseshoe area.
  • Comparing spatial availability with existing accessibility measures.

Main Results:

  • A widely used accessibility measure with congestion was shown to inadequately represent opportunity-seeking populations.
  • The proposed spatial availability measure offers improved interpretability of accessibility with competition.
  • Spatial availability was demonstrated to be equivalent to 2SFCA methods, reconceptualized as singly-constrained accessibility.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial availability provides a clearer interpretation of accessibility incorporating competition.
  • This measure has significant implications for spatial equity analysis, including spatial mismatch and policy evaluation.
  • The study advances accessibility research by offering a refined, interpretable measure for planning applications.