Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Second Law of Thermodynamics02:49

Second Law of Thermodynamics

24.1K
In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Processes that involve an increase in entropy of the system (ΔS > 0) are very often spontaneous; however, examples to the contrary are plentiful. By expanding consideration of entropy changes to include the surroundings, a significant conclusion regarding the relation between this property and spontaneity may be reached. In thermodynamic...
24.1K
Maxwell's Thermodynamic Relations01:23

Maxwell's Thermodynamic Relations

3.1K
Maxwell's thermodynamic relations are very useful in solving problems in thermodynamics. Each of Maxwell's relations relates a partial differential between quantities that can be hard to measure experimentally to a partial differential between quantities that can be easily measured. These relations are a set of equations derivable from the symmetry of the second derivatives and the thermodynamic potentials.
All thermodynamic potentials are exact differentials. Therefore, their second-order...
3.1K
Statements of the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:15

Statements of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

4.1K
The second law of thermodynamics can be stated in several different ways, and all of them can be shown to imply the others. The Clausius’ statement of the second law of thermodynamics is based on the irreversibility of spontaneous heat flow. It states that heat will not flow from the colder body to the hotter body unless some other process is involved. Additionally, as per the Kelvin’s statement, it is impossible to convert the heat from a single source into work without any other...
4.1K
Thermodynamic Potentials01:26

Thermodynamic Potentials

921
Thermodynamic potentials are state functions that are extremely useful in analyzing a thermodynamic system. They have dimensions of energy. The four important thermodynamic potentials are internal energy, enthalpy, Helmholtz free energy, and Gibbs free energy. These thermodynamic potentials can be expressed using two of the following variables: pressure, volume, temperature, and entropy. These two variables are expressed as the rate of change of the thermodynamic potential with respect to other...
921
Reversible and Irreversible Processes01:14

Reversible and Irreversible Processes

4.4K
The thermodynamic processes can be classified into reversible and irreversible processes. The processes that can be restored to their initial state are called reversible processes. It is only possible if the process is in quasi-static equilibrium, i.e., it takes place in infinitesimally small steps, and the system remains at equilibrium However, these are ideal processes and do not occur naturally. An ideal system undergoing a reversible process is always in thermodynamic equilibrium within...
4.4K
First Law Of Thermodynamics: Problem-Solving01:21

First Law Of Thermodynamics: Problem-Solving

2.8K
The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in internal energy of the system is equal to the net heat transfer into the system minus the net work done by the system. This equation is a generalized form of energy conservation and can be applied to any thermodynamic process.
The following strategies can be used to solve any problem involving the first law of thermodynamics.
2.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Thermodynamic uncertainty relation for quantum entropy production.

Physical review. E·2024
Same author

Uncertainty relation for symmetric Petz-Rényi relative entropy.

Physical review. E·2024
Same author

Limiting flux in quantum thermodynamics.

Physical review. E·2024
Same author

Quantum relative entropy uncertainty relation.

Physical review. E·2024
Same author

Improving the Cramér-Rao bound with the detailed fluctuation theorem.

Physical review. E·2024
Same author

Thermodynamic variational relation.

Physical review. E·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel
10:03

Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel

Published on: October 5, 2018

8.3K

Thermodynamic uncertainty relation from involutions.

Domingos S P Salazar1

  • 1Unidade de Educação a Distância e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.

Physical Review. E
|January 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We derived a general thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) from a fundamental property of processes, not requiring fluctuation theorems. This advances understanding of entropy production and nonequilibrium systems.

More Related Videos

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames
10:29

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames

Published on: June 1, 2016

11.9K
Near-Infrared Temperature Measurement Technique for Water Surrounding an Induction-heated Small Magnetic Sphere
08:52

Near-Infrared Temperature Measurement Technique for Water Surrounding an Induction-heated Small Magnetic Sphere

Published on: April 30, 2018

8.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel
10:03

Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel

Published on: October 5, 2018

8.3K
Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames
10:29

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames

Published on: June 1, 2016

11.9K
Near-Infrared Temperature Measurement Technique for Water Surrounding an Induction-heated Small Magnetic Sphere
08:52

Near-Infrared Temperature Measurement Technique for Water Surrounding an Induction-heated Small Magnetic Sphere

Published on: April 30, 2018

8.2K

Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Non-equilibrium Physics

Background:

  • The thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) provides a lower bound for current fluctuations relative to average entropy production.
  • Existing TURs are often derived using specific fluctuation theorems, limiting their generality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive a general thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) independent of fluctuation theorems.
  • To explore the fundamental properties underlying TURs.
  • To apply the general TUR to various nonequilibrium scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of a general TUR based on the involution property of conjugate processes (s' = m(s), where m(m(s)) = s).
  • Application of the general TUR to derive specific cases like the exchange TUR and hysteretic TUR.
  • Establishing a fluctuation-response inequality and a lower bound for entropy production.

Main Results:

  • A universal method for deriving TURs is presented, relying solely on the involution property of conjugate processes.
  • The exchange TUR and hysteretic TUR are derived as specific applications.
  • New insights into fluctuation-response inequalities and entropy production bounds in nonequilibrium systems are provided.

Conclusions:

  • The involution property of conjugate processes is a fundamental principle underlying thermodynamic uncertainty relations.
  • This work offers a more general framework for TURs, applicable beyond traditional fluctuation theorem derivations.
  • The findings have implications for understanding and quantifying fluctuations in diverse nonequilibrium processes.