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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Evaluating lncRNA Expression Patterns during HIV-1 Treatment Interruption.

Tinus Schynkel1, Willem van Snippenberg1, Clarissa Van Hecke1

  • 1HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|January 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are explored in HIV-1 treatment. The lncRNA HEAL is upregulated during treatment interruption and promotes HIV-1 replication, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target.

Keywords:
GAS5HEALHIV-1MALAT1NEAT1NRONbiomarkerlncRNAtreatment interruption

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Evaluation of the Efficacy And Toxicity of RNAs Targeting HIV-1 Production for Use in Gene or Drug Therapy
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their roles in HIV-1 pathogenesis.
  • In vivo expression and regulation of lncRNAs during HIV-1 infection and treatment remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate lncRNA expression patterns in patients undergoing antiretroviral treatment interruption (ATI).
  • To identify specific lncRNAs involved in HIV-1 replication and their correlation with viral markers.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from ten patients across four distinct timepoints during an ATI clinical trial.
  • RT-qPCR quantification of five HIV-1-related lncRNAs (HEAL, MALAT1, NEAT1, GAS5, NRON).
  • Correlation analysis of lncRNA expression with HIV-1 and host immune markers, including interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs).

Main Results:

  • All tested lncRNAs showed stronger correlation with ISGs than with HIV-1 reservoir or replication markers.
  • The lncRNA HEAL was significantly upregulated at viral rebound during ATI compared to baseline and therapy re-initiation (p=0.0010 and p=0.0094).
  • HEAL expression followed a viral-load-dependent pattern similar to ISGs, and its in vitro knockdown reduced HIV-1 infection levels.

Conclusions:

  • The HIV-1-promoting lncRNA HEAL is upregulated during viral rebound in ATI, likely triggered by viral factors.
  • HEAL plays a crucial role in HIV-1 replication, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.