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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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The sympathetic division can influence tissues and organs by releasing norepinephrine at peripheral synapses and distributing epinephrine and norepinephrine through the bloodstream. In times of crisis or stress, sympathetic activation occurs, which is regulated by sympathetic centers in the hypothalamus. As a result, sympathetic activation prepares the body for physical exertion, rapid ATP production, and heightened alertness, allowing individuals to respond effectively to challenging or...
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The sympathetic chain ganglia, also known as the sympathetic trunk ganglia or paravertebral ganglia, are a series of ganglia located bilaterally on either side of the spinal column. These ganglia serve as relay stations for the sympathetic nervous system. Preganglionic neurons originating in the spinal cord project their axons to the sympathetic chain ganglia. Within the ganglia, these preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic neurons.The postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic trunk...
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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Increased Recovery Time and Decreased LPS Administration to Study the Vagus Nerve Stimulation Mechanisms in Limited Inflammatory Responses
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Sympatho-Vagal Dysfunction in Systemic Sclerosis: A Follow-Up Study.

Gabriel Dias Rodrigues1,2, Angelica Carandina1,3, Costanza Scatà3

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Systemic sclerosis patients show worsening cardiac autonomic dysfunction over five years, particularly in the diffuse cutaneous subset. This autonomic impairment is linked to fibrosis and increased mortality risk.

Keywords:
autoimmune diseasesautonomic nervous systemheart rate variabilityscleroderma

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Autonomic Nervous System Research
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction is common in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) and linked to mortality.
  • The progression of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in SSc subtypes remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess changes in cardiac autonomic modulation over five years in limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc) and diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) patients compared to healthy controls (HC).

Main Methods:

  • A five-year follow-up study involving ECG recordings in 24 SSc patients (11 dcSSc, 13 lcSSc) and 11 HC.
  • Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis, including spectral analysis (LF, HF) and LF/HF ratio calculation, was performed at baseline (t0) and follow-up (t1).

Main Results:

  • The diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) subset showed a significant increase in the LF/HF ratio and a reduction in HF at five-year follow-up (t1) compared to baseline (t0) (p=0.03).
  • Both lcSSc and dcSSc groups exhibited higher LF/HF ratios at both time points compared to HC (p < 0.01).
  • No significant changes in HRV parameters over time were observed in the lcSSc or HC groups.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac autonomic dysfunction worsens over time specifically in the dcSSc subset of Systemic Sclerosis.
  • This progression is associated with more extensive skin and internal organ fibrosis in dcSSc patients.