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The tibial subchondral plate. A scanning electron microscopic study.

H Duncan¹, J Jundt, J M Riddle

¹Division of Rheumatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202.

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume

|October 1, 1987

Summary

The tibial plateau

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic research
Anatomical studies
Biomedical engineering

Background:

The tibial plateau's subchondral bone structure is critical for knee joint function.
Understanding normal tibial plateau anatomy is essential for diagnosing and treating knee pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the topographical features of the non-arthritic tibial plateau's subchondral bone.
To investigate the distribution and nature of perforations within the subchondral plate.

Main Methods:

Macroscopic and microscopic examination of tibial plateau specimens from cadavers and amputations.
Radiographic imaging, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and light microscopy were employed.
Quantitative analysis of surface features, including osteophytes and perforations per square centimeter.

Main Results:

Identified surface features such as peripheral/submeniscal osteophytes, indentations, and perforating holes.
Demonstrated distinct patterns in the distribution of holes between the medial and lateral tibial plateaus.
Medial plateau showed more holes in the submeniscal region; lateral plateau had more central holes.
Light microscopy revealed many holes to be vascular channels containing erythrocytes.

Conclusions:

The non-arthritic tibial plateau exhibits specific topographical features, including vascular perforations.
Significant differences exist in the distribution of these features between the medial and lateral tibial plateaus.
These anatomical variations may have implications for understanding biomechanics and disease progression in the knee joint.

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