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Residual Stresses01:26

Residual Stresses

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Residual stresses reside in a structure even after removing the original stress inducer. This phenomenon often arises from varied plastic deformations across different parts of a structure. Consider a rod stretched beyond its yield point. It will not regain its original length due to permanent deformation. Even after load removal, the rod does not entirely lose stress because of uneven plastic deformations, resulting in residual stresses. The computation of these stresses in structures is...
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Lumber Defects

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Lumber defects, which can affect both the appearance and structural integrity of wood, include a variety of growth and manufacturing flaws. Growth defects such as knots and knotholes occur where branches were once attached to the tree trunk, with knotholes forming when these knots fall out. Other natural defects include decay and insect damage, which compromise the wood's strength and durability.
Shakes are minor fractures that run along or across the wood's annual rings, while wane is...
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In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
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Rolling resistance, also known as rolling friction, is the force that resists the motion of a rolling object, such as a wheel, tire, or ball, when it moves over a surface. It is caused by the deformation of the object and the surface in contact with each other, as well as other factors like internal friction, hysteresis, and energy losses within the materials. Rolling resistance opposes the object's motion, requiring additional energy to overcome it and maintain movement. In practical...
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In materials that exhibit elastic and plastic behavior, known as elastoplastic materials, residual stresses can accumulate when these materials experience plastic deformation. This deformation arises from either high levels of shearing stress or significant strains. Residual stresses are internal stresses that persist within a material after removing the external force causing deformation. This phenomenon is demonstrated when observing the behavior of a shaft under torque; notably, the...
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Subsurface Defect Localization by Structured Heating Using Laser Projected Photothermal Thermography
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Web Wrinkle Defects due to Temperature Profile in Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing Systems.

Jaehyun Noh1, Minho Jo1, Hojin Jeon1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Design and Production Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.

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Web handling in roll-to-roll manufacturing can cause wrinkles due to inconsistent dryer temperatures. Optimizing operating speed minimizes temperature deviations and reduces these thermal deformation defects.

Keywords:
roll-to-roll manufacturing processstrain deviationweb handlingweb temperature distributionwrinkles

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Manufacturing Engineering
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Roll-to-roll manufacturing systems are vital for mass production across industries using flexible substrates like plastic, paper, and fabric.
  • Inconsistent temperature distribution in the machine direction (MD) and cross-machine direction (CMD) during web drying can lead to defects.
  • Improper roller alignment in web handling processes causes strain deviation, lateral displacement, and web wrinkles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the thermal deformation leading to web wrinkles in roll-to-roll processing.
  • To analyze the impact of inconsistent web temperature distribution on wrinkle formation.
  • To examine changes in the elastic modulus and thermal expansion of flexible substrates.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental analysis using PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film.
  • Measurement of elastic modulus and thermal expansion properties of the web material.
  • Investigation of wrinkle defects as a consequence of thermal deformation.

Main Results:

  • Web wrinkles, a form of thermal deformation, arise from inconsistent temperature distributions within the dryer.
  • The presence of web wrinkle defects can lead to thickness variations in the functional layer applied to the web.
  • Material properties like elastic modulus and thermal expansion are affected by temperature inconsistencies.

Conclusions:

  • Setting an appropriate operating speed is crucial for minimizing CMD temperature deviation.
  • Reducing CMD temperature deviation effectively mitigates the occurrence of web wrinkle defects.
  • Controlling thermal deformation is key to improving product quality in roll-to-roll manufacturing.