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Fiber Loop Mirror Based on Optical Fiber Circulator for Sensing Applications.

Paulo Robalinho1,2, Beatriz Soares1,2, António Lobo3

  • 1Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science (INESC TEC), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.

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Summary

A novel Fiber Loop Mirror (FLM) sensor using two circulators discriminates strain and torsion. This configuration enables balanced systems and high sensitivity for advanced physical parameter sensing applications.

Keywords:
birefringencefiber loop mirroroptical circulatoroptical fiber sensorstrain sensortorsion sensor

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Optical Sensing
  • Fiber Optic Sensors
  • Interferometry

Background:

  • Traditional Fiber Loop Mirrors (FLMs) have limitations in system balancing and sensitivity.
  • Discrimination of multiple physical parameters like strain and torsion is crucial for advanced sensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present and characterize a new Fiber Loop Mirror (FLM) configuration with two circulators for sensing applications.
  • To demonstrate the capability of this new design for strain and torsion discrimination.

Main Methods:

  • A novel Fiber Loop Mirror (FLM) configuration utilizing two circulators was designed and implemented.
  • Strain and torsion measurements were performed, analyzing interference fringe displacement and Fast Fourier Transformer (FFT) spectral characteristics.
  • The system's ability to control Free Spectral Range (FSR) and birefringence was investigated.

Main Results:

  • Strain measurement sensitivity achieved was (0.576 ± 0.009) pm‧με-1.
  • FFT-based sensitivities for strain were (-2.1 ± 0.3) × 10-4 nm-1 με-1 (frequency shift) and (4.9 ± 0.3) × 10-7 με-1 (amplitude).
  • Torsion characterization yielded FFT peak variations of (-2.177 ± 0.002) × 10-12 nm-1/° and amplitude variations of (1.02 ± 0.06) × 10-3/°.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed FLM configuration effectively discriminates between strain and torsion.
  • This design allows for system balancing, unlike traditional FLMs, and supports high birefringence (>10-2) for Vernier effect sensors.
  • The configuration is versatile, accommodating various fiber lengths and refractive indices for optimized sensing performance.