Hybrid Feature Fusion-Based High-Sensitivity Fire Detection and Early Warning for Intelligent Building Systems

High-sensitivity early fire detection is an essential prerequisite to intelligent building safety. However, due to the small changes and erratic fluctuations in environmental parameters in the initial combustion phase, it is always a challenging task. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a hybrid feature fusion-based high-sensitivity early fire detection and warning method for in-building environments. More specifically, the temperature, smoke concentration, and carbon monoxide concentration were first selected as the main distinguishing attributes to indicate an in-building fire. Secondly, the propagation neural network (BPNN) and the least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) were employed to achieve the hybrid feature fusion. In addition, the genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) were also introduced to optimize the BPNN and the LSSVM, respectively. After that, the outputs of the GA-BPNN and the PSO-LSSVM were fused to make a final decision by means of the D-S evidence theory, achieving a highly sensitive and reliable early fire detection and warning system. Finally, an early fire warning system was developed, and the experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively detect an early fire with an accuracy of more than 96% for different types and regions of fire, including polyurethane foam fire, alcohol fire, beech wood smolder, and cotton woven fabric smolder.