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Related Concept Videos

Nitrogen Cycle01:28

Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen CycleThe nitrogen cycle is the process by which nitrogen moves through the air, soil, water, and living organisms. Nitrogen is essential for life because it is a major part of proteins and DNA. Although nitrogen gas makes up most of the atmosphere, it must be converted into usable forms by certain bacteria through a process called nitrogen fixation. Plants absorb these compounds, and animals get nitrogen by eating plants or other animals. Decomposers and bacteria return nitrogen to the...
Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

61
Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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Carbon-dioxide Fixation01:28

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

52
Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
52
Carbon Cycle01:26

Carbon Cycle

Carbon CycleThe carbon cycle shows how carbon travels between the air, land, water, and living things. Plants take in carbon dioxide from the air during photosynthesis to make their food. Animals get carbon by eating plants, and they release carbon back into the air through respiration. When plants and animals die, decomposers break them down, returning carbon to the soil and air. Burning fossil fuels also adds carbon to the atmosphere. By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can better...
The Nitrogen Cycle01:49

The Nitrogen Cycle

53.7K
Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
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The Carbon Cycle01:14

The Carbon Cycle

39.2K
Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Single-throughput Complementary High-resolution Analytical Techniques for Characterizing Complex Natural Organic Matter Mixtures
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Single-throughput Complementary High-resolution Analytical Techniques for Characterizing Complex Natural Organic Matter Mixtures

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Dynamic carbon-nitrogen coupling under global change.

Shuli Niu1,2, Lei Song3,4, Jinsong Wang3

  • 1Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. sniu@igsnrr.ac.cn.

Science China. Life Sciences
|January 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Global change alters ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycles. This study reveals dynamic adjustments in these cycles, reconciling debates on their coupling and improving ecosystem models.

Keywords:
carbon sequestrationcarbon-nitrogen interactionglobal changenitrogen limitationsoil nitrogen cycle

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Design and Operation of a Continuous 13C and 15N Labeling Chamber for Uniform or Differential, Metabolic and Structural, Plant Isotope Labeling
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Area of Science:

  • Ecosystem Ecology
  • Global Change Biology
  • Biogeochemical Cycles

Background:

  • Carbon-nitrogen coupling is central to ecosystem function.
  • The response of this coupling to global change remains poorly understood.
  • Previous research has debated whether these cycles are uncoupling or decoupling.

Conclusions:

  • Ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycles exhibit dynamic coupling under global change.
  • This dynamic coupling framework resolves debates on cycle uncoupling or decoupling.
  • Accurate ecosystem modeling requires simulating these dynamic adjustments for predicting carbon sequestration.