Recent advances in redox-responsive polysaccharide-based nanostructures for cancer therapy

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Oncology

Background:

• Conventional chemotherapy faces challenges like drug resistance, toxicity, and non-selectivity.
• Nanodrug delivery systems (DDSs) offer improved efficacy through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect.
• Polysaccharide-based DDSs are biocompatible and can be engineered for targeted delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review redox-responsive DDSs utilizing biocompatible polysaccharides.
• To detail the exploitation of tumor microenvironment (TME) redox species (GSH, ROS) for triggered drug release.
• To evaluate various responsive groups and polysaccharide carriers for enhanced anticancer effects.

Main Methods:

• Systematic evaluation of redox-responsive linkages (disulfides, diselenides, thioketals, etc.).
• Integration of responsive groups with diverse polysaccharide carriers.
• Analysis of active targeting strategies (e.g., CD44 receptor) and combination therapies (PDT, immunotherapy).

Main Results:

• Redox-responsive DDSs enable selective drug release and activation within the tumor site.
• Polysaccharide carriers can be functionalized for active targeting and synergistic therapeutic approaches.
• Design strategies can be optimized to maximize anticancer efficacy and minimize off-target effects.

Conclusions:

• Redox-responsive polysaccharide DDSs represent a promising strategy to overcome conventional chemotherapy limitations.
• Careful selection of polysaccharide carriers and responsive groups is crucial for optimizing therapeutic outcomes.
• Further research into clinical translation and AI-driven design is warranted for personalized nanomedicine.