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Cockroach sensitization in laboratory workers.

D R Steinberg1, D I Bernstein, J S Gallagher

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Ohio 45267.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|October 1, 1987
PubMed
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Laboratory workers exposed to cockroaches can develop hypersensitivity. Cockroach allergens, particularly from feces, can cause IgE-dependent upper respiratory sensitization in the workplace.

Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Occupational Health
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Laboratory workers can be exposed to various cockroach species during immunologic experiments.
  • Cockroach exposure in occupational settings may lead to hypersensitivity reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate cockroach hypersensitivity in laboratory workers exposed to American cockroaches (AC) and German cockroaches (GC).
  • To identify specific cockroach allergens responsible for sensitization and symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Prick skin testing and RAST (radioallergosorbent test) were performed using extracts of AC, GC, brown-banded (BB) cockroaches, and AC hemolymph and fecal extracts.
  • Nasal provocation tests with AC extracts were conducted in symptomatic and asymptomatic workers.

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  • RAST-inhibition studies were used to assess cross-reactivity between different cockroach allergen extracts.

    • Main Results:

    • Three of six workers reported work-related nasal and ocular symptoms.
    • Symptomatic workers showed cutaneous reactivity to cockroach antigens; one had elevated RAST binding.
    • Nasal provocation with AC was positive in the most symptomatic worker, and symptoms were alleviated by cromolyn pretreatment.
    • RAST-inhibition studies indicated specific IgE binding to fecal allergens (AC-F) was more specific to AC than whole body extracts.

    Conclusions:

    • Cockroach allergens can elicit IgE-dependent upper respiratory sensitization in an occupational setting.
    • Both whole body and fecal extracts of cockroaches contain allergens that can cause hypersensitivity.
    • Further investigation into specific cockroach allergens and their role in occupational allergies is warranted.