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Related Concept Videos

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

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Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
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Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

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Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
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Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

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Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
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Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

21
Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

25
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

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Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
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Late-Onset Infection in a Leadless Pacemaker.

Breno Bernardes-Souza1, Shumpei Mori1, Shipra Hingorany2

  • 1UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.

JACC. Case Reports
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Summary

Infection of leadless pacemakers (LPM) is rare. This study details the first known late-onset LPM infection, occurring nearly two years after implantation in a high-risk patient.

Keywords:
ECG, electrocardiogramLPM, leadless pacemakerRBB, right bundle branchcardiac implantable electronic deviceinfectionleadless pacemaker

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Medical Device Technology

Background:

  • Leadless pacemakers (LPM) are increasingly used for cardiac rhythm management.
  • Infection is a known complication of cardiac implantable electronic devices, though rare for LPMs.
  • Existing literature reports LPM infections occurring within one month of implantation.

Observation:

  • This case report describes a patient with a history of high-risk factors for infection.
  • The patient presented with symptoms suggestive of infection almost two years post-LPM implantation.
  • This represents a significantly delayed onset compared to previously reported cases.

Findings:

  • The first documented case of late-onset leadless pacemaker infection is presented.
  • The infection occurred approximately 24 months after the initial device implantation.
  • This finding challenges the established timeline for LPM-related infections.

Implications:

  • Late-onset infections should be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients with LPMs presenting with delayed symptoms.
  • Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms and risk factors for late-onset LPM infections.
  • This case highlights the importance of long-term device monitoring and patient follow-up.