Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Chronic Phase Presenting as Extramedullary Presentation

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm often linked to the Philadelphia chromosome.
• Extramedullary disease, including myeloid sarcoma (MS), occurs in a subset of CML patients.
• Myeloid sarcoma, also known as chloroma, is a tumor of immature myeloid cells.

Observation:

• A case report of an elderly female patient diagnosed with CML in chronic phase is presented.
• The patient presented with myeloid sarcoma in the right parotid gland.
• The patient was undergoing imatinib therapy for CML.

Findings:

• This report details a rare presentation of myeloid sarcoma in the parotid gland in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia.
• The case underscores the diverse clinical manifestations of CML beyond the typical bone marrow involvement.
• The green hue of myeloid sarcoma, due to myeloperoxidase, aids in its identification.

Implications:

• Recognizing myeloid sarcoma as an extramedullary manifestation of CML is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
• This case emphasizes the importance of considering unusual presentations in CML patients, even during therapy.
• Further research into the mechanisms and management of extramedullary CML is warranted.