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CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR

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CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis
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MicroRNA Detection with CRISPR/Cas.

Xinyuan Qiu1, Chuanyang Liu1, Chushu Zhu1,2

  • 1Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|January 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing low-cost microRNA (miRNA) detection methods is crucial for diagnostics. This chapter details integrating isothermal and CRISPR/Cas techniques for sensitive and specific miRNA detection systems.

Keywords:
CRISPR/CasIsothermal amplificationMiRNA detectionNucleic acid detectionSynthetic biology

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Diagnostics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) show diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
  • Challenges exist in detecting small, low-abundance miRNAs.
  • Advanced nucleic acid detection and signal amplification are key.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe integrated miRNA detection systems.
  • To address challenges in miRNA detection.
  • To enable low-cost miRNA diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of isothermal amplification techniques.
  • Application of CRISPR/Cas-based techniques.
  • Rational design of specific miRNA detection systems.

Main Results:

  • Development of robust miRNA detection tools.
  • Achieving highly specific recognition of trace miRNA amounts.
  • Enabling sensitive detection through integrated techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Isothermal and CRISPR/Cas techniques offer a powerful combination for miRNA detection.
  • This integrated approach facilitates the development of advanced diagnostic tools.
  • The described methods support low-cost and specific miRNA detection.