Inflammatory and differentiation cellular response to calcium silicate cements: An in vitro study

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Cell Biology
• Tissue Engineering

Background:

• Cellular interactions between inflammatory monocytes and regenerative fibroblasts are crucial for hard tissue formation.
• Understanding how biomaterials modulate these interactions is key for developing effective regenerative therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the interaction between human inflammatory monocytes and human regenerative fibroblasts when exposed to calcium silicate materials.
• To analyze the effects of mineral trioxide aggregates (MTA) and biodentine (BD) on monocyte inflammatory responses and subsequent fibroblast behavior.

Main Methods:

• Human monocytes were cultured on polystyrene (control), MTA, or BD, with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
• Monocyte-conditioned media (MoCM) were analyzed for inflammatory cytokine secretion (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-6).
• Fibroblasts were cultured in MoCM to assess proliferation, differentiation (alkaline phosphatase), and cytotoxicity (lactic acid dehydrogenase).

Main Results:

• Calcium silicate materials differentially modulated monocyte cytokine secretion, with variations observed in the presence or absence of LPS.
• Fibroblast proliferation and differentiation were significantly enhanced when cultured in MoCM from monocytes exposed to MTA.
• Distinct fibroblast morphology and spread patterns were observed across different MoCM groups.

Conclusions:

• Calcium silicate materials modulate monocyte inflammatory responses, leading to differential effects on fibroblast proliferation and differentiation.
• MTA appears to promote pro-differentiation signals from monocytes, enhancing fibroblast regenerative capacity.
• This in vitro model provides a valuable tool for evaluating cell-material interactions in regenerative dentistry.