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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord01:26

Spinal Cord

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The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
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The Spinal Cord01:54

The Spinal Cord

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The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy

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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
Gray Matter and its Components
Central to the gray matter is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Spinal Cord Neurons Isolation and Culture from Neonatal Mice
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Spinal cord reserve in multiple sclerosis.

Jaume Sastre-Garriga1, Alex Rovira2, Aran García-Vidal3

  • 1Servei de Neurologia / Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
|January 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A larger spinal canal area (SCaA) may protect individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) from disability. This finding suggests the existence of a spinal cord reserve, similar to the brain reserve concept, which could influence MS progression.

Keywords:
image analysismultiple sclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Neuroimmunology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) preferentially targets the spinal cord (SC), significantly contributing to patient disability.
  • The concept of 'brain reserve' suggests initial tissue volume influences damage impact; this study investigates a similar 'spinal cord reserve' (SC reserve).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis of an SC reserve by utilizing spinal canal area (SCaA) as a surrogate measure.
  • To determine if SCaA is associated with disability in individuals with MS.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional, multicentre study involving 2930 people with MS and 43 healthy controls (HCs).
  • Brain MRI scans were used to measure spinal cord area (SCA) and SCaA using the Spinal Cord Toolbox.
  • Statistical analysis included age- and sex-adjusted linear regression models and scaled linear models to assess the association between SCaA and Patient Determined Disease Steps (PDDS).

Main Results:

  • Analysis included 1747 people with MS and 42 HCs.
  • People with MS had a lower SCA (60.41 mm² vs 65.02 mm², p<0.001) compared to HCs, but no significant difference in SCaA (213.24 mm² vs 212.61 mm², p=0.125).
  • A larger SCaA was significantly associated with lower PDDS scores (beta: -0.12, p=0.0124), independent of spinal cord atrophy, brain lesion volume, age, and sex.

Conclusions:

  • A larger spinal canal area (SCaA) may confer a protective effect against disability in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • These findings provide evidence supporting the existence of a spinal cord reserve, analogous to the brain reserve concept, which may influence MS disease progression and clinical outcomes.