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Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
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Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
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  3. Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: A Comprehensive Review.
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  3. Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: A Comprehensive Review.

Related Experiment Video

Modeling Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity in Rats
04:12

Modeling Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity in Rats

Published on: March 28, 2025

Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: A Comprehensive Review.

Àlex Rovira1,2,3, Paula Alcaide-Leon4, Maria A Poca3,5,6

  • 1Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology (IDI), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.

Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal = Journal L'Association Canadienne Des Radiologistes
|June 4, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a reversible neurological condition often missed in the elderly. Early diagnosis using MRI and other tests is key for potential symptom reversal through shunt surgery.

Keywords:
cerebrospinal fluid dynamicsdisproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalusglymphatic systemidiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalusmagnetic resonance imagingventriculomegaly

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Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus
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Modeling Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity in Rats
04:12

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Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus
14:59

Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus

Published on: October 14, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) presents with gait, cognitive, and urinary issues, often misdiagnosed in older adults.
  • Its pathophysiology involves cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics, ischemia, and glymphatic dysfunction, leading to neurotoxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and imaging role in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.
  • To emphasize the importance of early recognition for potentially reversible symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizes neuroradiological studies, primarily MRI, to identify ventriculomegaly and characteristic features like reduced callosal angle and DESH pattern.
  • Incorporates complementary non-imaging tests to predict shunt surgery response.
  • Explores advanced MRI techniques like DTI-ALPS for glymphatic dysfunction assessment.

    • Main Results:

    • MRI is crucial for diagnosing iNPH and excluding other conditions, though predictive value for treatment response is limited.
    • Characteristic imaging findings support the diagnosis but require complementary tests for treatment selection.
    • Emerging biomarkers like DTI-ALPS show promise in understanding disease mechanisms and patient selection.

    Conclusions:

    • Early and accurate diagnosis of iNPH is vital due to potential symptom reversibility with shunt surgery.
    • Advanced imaging techniques are improving the understanding and management of iNPH.
    • A combination of imaging and non-imaging tests is essential for optimal patient selection for CSF shunting.