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Updated: Aug 13, 2025
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Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons
Published on: July 21, 2018
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Strongly Coupled Plasmon Polaritons in Gold and Epsilon-Near-Zero Bifilms
Saumya Choudhary1, Saleem Iqbal1, Mohammad Karimi2
1Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York14627, United States.
ACS Photonics
|January 24, 2023
Summary
We developed a hybrid polariton mode in a gold-indium tin oxide (ITO) film structure. This structure offers enhanced light confinement and propagation for near-infrared frequencies.
Area of Science:
- Optics and Photonics
- Materials Science
- Condensed Matter Physics
Background:
- Epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) polaritons in transparent conducting oxides offer field enhancement but lack propagation.
- Plasmon polaritons in metallic films propagate but have weaker confinement.
- A need exists for hybrid modes combining propagation and strong confinement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose and characterize a bilayered structure supporting hybrid polariton modes.
- To investigate the tunability of coupling strength by varying indium tin oxide (ITO) film thickness.
- To explore the potential applications of these hybrid modes in active optical devices.
Main Methods:
- Fabrication of a bilayered structure: thin gold film on a thin indium tin oxide (ITO) film.
- Experimental characterization of the dispersion relations of the hybrid polariton modes.
- Systematic variation of ITO film thickness to study coupling strength tunability.
Main Results:
- Demonstration of hybrid polariton modes with propagation lengths of 4-8 μm.
- Achieved mode confinement nearly an order of magnitude greater than polaritons in gold films.
- Observation of ultrastrong coupling at specific ITO film thicknesses.
Conclusions:
- The proposed gold-ITO bilayer supports hybrid polariton modes with both long propagation lengths and strong confinement.
- The coupling strength is tunable via ITO film thickness, enabling ultrastrong coupling.
- These bifilms are promising for active tuning, ultrafast switching, and enhanced nonlinear optics in the near-infrared spectrum.
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