1H-NMR relaxation times and water compartmentalization in experimental tumor models

The present studies were conducted with RIF-1, M5076 and Panc02 subcutaneous tumor models to assess the relationship between tissue-free water compartmentalization and observed tissue T1 and T2 changes at 10 MHz. Observed T1 was shown to correlate directly with total extracellular water and interstitial water volumes. T1 and T2 were also inversely related to intracellular water volumes. T1 and T2 decreases after dexamethasone treatment were, however, most closely correlated with changes in tumor extracellular water and not changes in cell or total water volumes. Studies to assess Gd-DTPA-dimeg dose dependent T1 and T2 modification in model serum protein solutions indicated that although the Gd concentration that reduced T2 by 50% was about 2.5 fold greater than that required to reduce T1 equally, the of the concentration dependent T1 and T2 modifications were similar. In studies with tumor models, the injected dose of Gd-DTPA-dimeg that reduced T1 by 50% was inversely correlated with tumor extracellular water volumes. The slopes for dose dependent T1 modification in all tumors were similar and similar to that observed for model protein solutions. Gd-DTPA-dimeg had a different effect on observed T2 values for the 3 tumor models. Exponential slopes were about twice that observed for T2 modification of serum protein solutions, and Gd-DTPA-dimeg doses that reduced observed tumor T2 ranged from 9 to 50 times that necessary to similarly reduce T1. The results from these studies indicate that the observed T1, for these tumors, was dominated by relaxation of water protons in interstitial water but that the observed T2 was most strongly influenced by proton relaxation in water compartments that were unavailable to the Gd labeled probe.