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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
328
Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
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Assessment of the Abdomen I: Inspection and Auscultation01:25

Assessment of the Abdomen I: Inspection and Auscultation

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Introduction
The abdominal examination is a cornerstone of clinical medicine, serving as a critical tool in diagnosing various gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. It involves a systematic approach that includes inspection and auscultation, each with distinct yet complementary roles in assessing the abdomen. This article will delve into these two primary methods healthcare professionals use to examine the abdomen.
Inspection of the Abdomen
The first step in any abdominal examination is inspection....
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Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

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Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
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Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy01:26

Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy

128
This lesson explores three gastrointestinal imaging techniques: radionuclide testing, colonic transit studies, and virtual colonoscopy.
Radionuclide Testing
Radionuclide testing is a sophisticated medical technique for assessing gastrointestinal motility. It focuses on gastric emptying and colonic transit time. Radioactive markers track the movement of food through the digestive system, providing insights into gastrointestinal disorders.
In gastric emptying studies, a meal's liquid and...
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Assessment of the Abdomen II: Percussion01:18

Assessment of the Abdomen II: Percussion

455
Percussion is a fundamental technique used to assess the liver, spleen, and abdominal organs by tapping the abdomen and interpreting the resulting sounds. This method helps identify fluid, distention, and masses through variations in sound, such as the high-pitched tympany of air-filled areas and the dullness of solid masses. Understanding how to percuss these organs provides valuable information for healthcare professionals in diagnosing conditions early.
Percussion
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 12, 2025

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
07:41

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Rectocele: Correlation Between Defecography and Physical Examination.

Carly A Crowder1, Nichole Sayegh2, Noelani M Guaderrama3

  • 1From the Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UC Irvine.

Urogynecology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
|January 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fluoroscopic defecography showed poor correlation with posterior vaginal wall prolapse (PVWP). Defecatory symptoms and advanced PVWP stage predicted surgery, not rectocele size on defecography.

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Area of Science:

  • Urogynecology
  • Pelvic Floor Disorders
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) evaluation lacks consensus on fluoroscopic defecography's clinical utility.
  • Understanding the relationship between imaging findings and clinical presentation is crucial for effective patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the association between rectocele on defecography and posterior vaginal wall prolapse (PVWP) on physical examination.
  • To identify predictors of surgical intervention and outcomes in patients with pelvic floor disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 186 patients undergoing defecography and urogynecologic examination.
  • Analysis of demographic, clinical, and surgical data, including pelvic organ prolapse staging and defecatory symptoms.

Main Results:

  • A weak correlation was found between rectocele size on defecography and PVWP stage (Spearman ρ = 0.18).
  • Defecatory symptoms (splinting, digitation, stool trapping) and advanced PVWP stage were significant predictors of surgical intervention (P < 0.01).
  • Rectocele presence and size on defecography did not predict surgical intervention, but large rectocele size correlated with persistent postoperative symptoms (P = 0.02).

Conclusions:

  • Defecography findings for rectocele show limited correlation with clinical PVWP staging.
  • Clinical symptoms and physical examination findings are more indicative of surgical need than rectocele size on defecography.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the role of defecography in managing pelvic organ prolapse.