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Association between vitamin D level and respiratory distress syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Yoo Jinie Kim1, Gina Lim2, Ran Lee1,3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Plos One
|January 26, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Vitamin D deficiency in premature infants is linked to an increased risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Maintaining adequate vitamin D levels shortly after birth may help prevent RDS in these vulnerable neonates.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Growing evidence suggests a link between vitamin D levels and respiratory health in preterm infants.
  • This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature neonates.

Approach:

  • A comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library was conducted up to July 20, 2021.
  • Included studies comprised randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies involving 2,051 preterm infants.
  • The random-effects model was used for statistical analysis, with quality assessment performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scales.

Key Points:

  • Vitamin D deficiency within 24 hours of birth was significantly associated with RDS development in preterm infants.
  • Specific thresholds for vitamin D deficiency (<30 ng/mL, <20 ng/mL, <15 ng/mL, <10 ng/mL) showed increased odds ratios for RDS.
  • Lower vitamin D levels, regardless of the specific definition, consistently correlated with a higher risk of RDS.

Conclusions:

  • Despite variations in vitamin D deficiency definitions and measurement methods, a clear association between low vitamin D levels and RDS development was observed.
  • Monitoring and maintaining adequate vitamin D levels in neonates shortly after birth may be a crucial strategy to reduce the incidence of RDS.
Abstract

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