Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 12, 2025

Author Spotlight: Developing Precise and Clinically Relevant Models for Studying Secondary Degeneration in Traumatic Optic Neuropathy
04:02

Author Spotlight: Developing Precise and Clinically Relevant Models for Studying Secondary Degeneration in Traumatic Optic Neuropathy

Published on: November 29, 2024

1.2K

A Rare Case of Acute Kidney Injury with Central Nervous System Manifestations

Pragna Potturi1, Jay Singh Arora1, Payal Gaggar1

  • 1Department of Nephrology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Indian Journal of Nephrology
|January 27, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Multiple myeloma (MM) is rare in young adults, but this case highlights unusual central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Early suspicion and treatment are crucial for better outcomes in these rare young myeloma patients.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Multiple myeloma (MM) predominantly affects older individuals, with less than 1% of cases occurring in patients under 35.
  • Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in MM is exceptionally rare, typically manifesting as leptomeningeal disease.

Observation:

  • A 35-year-old male presented with prolonged fever, slurred speech, nasal regurgitation, hearing loss, and decreased urine output.
  • Neurological examination revealed cranial nerve palsies (IX, X, XII), otitis media, and mastoiditis.
  • Renal biopsy confirmed cast nephropathy, indicative of myeloma kidney.

Findings:

  • The patient exhibited classic MM indicators: high kappa-lambda ratio (18), elevated β2 microglobulin (12 mg/L), 90% bone marrow plasma cells, and lytic bone lesions.
  • Treatment with dexamethasone, bortezomib, and thalidomide led to significant improvement in renal function and neurological deficits.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering MM in young patients presenting with myeloma-like symptoms, even with atypical CNS manifestations.
  • Early diagnosis and prompt therapeutic intervention can lead to favorable outcomes in young adults with multiple myeloma and CNS involvement.
Keywords:
CNS Involvementmultiple myelomayoung myeloma

More Related Videos

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion09:02

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion

Published on: February 2, 2021

4.5K
Standardized Colon Ascendens Stent Peritonitis in Rats - a Simple, Feasible Animal Model to Induce Septic Acute Kidney Injury07:03

Standardized Colon Ascendens Stent Peritonitis in Rats - a Simple, Feasible Animal Model to Induce Septic Acute Kidney Injury

Published on: February 15, 2022

1.5K

Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
55
Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
53
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
51
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
47
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
57
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
31