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Takayasu's Arteritis: A Case Report

Arzoo Khadka1, Sumi Singh2, Sarika Timilsina1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Jorpati, Kathmandu, Nepal.

JNMA; Journal of the Nepal Medical Association
|January 27, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Takayasu arteritis, a rare vasculitis affecting large arteries like the aorta, can occur in anyone, not just young women. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for a favorable outcome when the disease is inactive.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Takayasu arteritis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting medium and large arteries, predominantly the aorta and its branches.
  • Characterized by mononuclear infiltration and granulomatous inflammation, it leads to arterial wall thickening, stenosis, occlusion, or aneurysmal dilation.
  • While often associated with young women, its incidence varies globally, necessitating broader awareness.

Observation:

  • A case report details a 26-year-old woman presenting with syncope and dizziness.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging angiogram revealed thickened aortic arch walls and branches, indicative of active vasculitis.
  • This presentation highlights the diverse clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings in Takayasu arteritis.

Findings:

  • The patient's symptoms and imaging findings were consistent with Takayasu arteritis.
  • The case underscores that Takayasu arteritis affects a broader demographic than previously emphasized.
  • Pathological changes include mononuclear infiltration and granulomatous inflammation of the vascular media.

Implications:

  • Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential for managing Takayasu arteritis and preventing severe complications.
  • Recognizing Takayasu arteritis in diverse populations is critical for timely intervention.
  • Favorable outcomes are achievable when the disease is diagnosed and managed effectively, particularly during dormant phases.

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