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Takayasu's Arteritis: A Case Report.

Arzoo Khadka¹, Sumi Singh², Sarika Timilsina¹

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Jorpati, Kathmandu, Nepal.

JNMA; Journal of the Nepal Medical Association

|January 27, 2023

Summary

Takayasu arteritis, a rare vasculitis affecting large arteries like the aorta, can occur in anyone, not just young women. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for a favorable outcome when the disease is inactive.

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Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Medicine
Immunology
Rheumatology

Background:

Takayasu arteritis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting medium and large arteries, predominantly the aorta and its branches.
Characterized by mononuclear infiltration and granulomatous inflammation, it leads to arterial wall thickening, stenosis, occlusion, or aneurysmal dilation.
While often associated with young women, its incidence varies globally, necessitating broader awareness.

Observation:

A case report details a 26-year-old woman presenting with syncope and dizziness.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging angiogram revealed thickened aortic arch walls and branches, indicative of active vasculitis.
This presentation highlights the diverse clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings in Takayasu arteritis.

Findings:

The patient's symptoms and imaging findings were consistent with Takayasu arteritis.
The case underscores that Takayasu arteritis affects a broader demographic than previously emphasized.
Pathological changes include mononuclear infiltration and granulomatous inflammation of the vascular media.

Implications:

Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential for managing Takayasu arteritis and preventing severe complications.
Recognizing Takayasu arteritis in diverse populations is critical for timely intervention.
Favorable outcomes are achievable when the disease is diagnosed and managed effectively, particularly during dormant phases.