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Related Concept Videos

Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

87.5K
The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow...
87.5K
Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

8.4K
Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several...
8.4K
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers01:22

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers

1.6K
Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are used to treat various types of arrhythmias or irregular heart rhythms. These drugs block the sodium (Na+) channels in the cardiac cells, thereby affecting the movement of electrical impulses across the heart. Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are divided into three subgroups: Class IA, Class IB, and Class IC, each with distinct mechanisms of action and effects on the heart.
Class 1A Antiarrhythmic Drugs: These drugs work by moderately blocking sodium channels,...
1.6K
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

6.5K
Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
6.5K
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

2.4K
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
2.4K
Ligand-gated Ion Channels01:19

Ligand-gated Ion Channels

12.6K
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when a ligand attaches to the binding site.
Three Subfamilies of Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Ligand-gated ion channels fall into three subfamilies. The 'Cys-loop' includes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. The second one is the 'Pore-loop' channels that...
12.6K

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Updated: Aug 12, 2025

Fluorescent Nanoparticles for the Measurement of Ion Concentration in Biological Systems
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Fluorescent Nanoparticles for the Measurement of Ion Concentration in Biological Systems

Published on: July 4, 2011

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An artificial sodium-selective subnanochannel.

Jun Lu1, Gengping Jiang2, Huacheng Zhang3

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.

Science Advances
|January 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel artificial sodium channel using subnanoconfined crown ethers within metal-organic framework subnanochannels. This breakthrough achieves high sodium/potassium selectivity, mimicking biological channels for advanced ion separation and energy applications.

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Preparation and Utilization of Freshly Isolated Human Detrusor Smooth Muscle Cells for Characterization of 9-Phenanthrol-Sensitive Cation Currents
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Achieving high single-ion selectivity in artificial channels is crucial for bioinspired engineering, ion separation, and energy conversion.
  • Developing artificial ion channels with selectivity comparable to biological analogs, particularly for high sodium/potassium (Na+/K+) ratios, remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer an artificial sodium channel with high Na+/K+ selectivity using subnanoconfinement.
  • To investigate the transport mechanism responsible for the observed ion selectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Subnanoconfinement of 4'-aminobenzo-15-crown-5 ethers (15C5s) into ~6-Å-sized metal-organic framework subnanochannels (MOFSNC).
  • Multicomponent permeation experiments to evaluate ion selectivity under various conditions.

Main Results:

  • The resulting 15C5-MOFSNC exhibited unprecedented Na+/K+ selectivity (tens to 10^2) and Na+/Li+ selectivity (10^3).
  • Selectivity performance was comparable to natural biological sodium channels.
  • A co-ion-responsive single-file transport mechanism was proposed, involving size exclusion, charge selectivity, local hydrophobicity, and functional group binding.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents a novel strategy for creating artificial single-ion selective channels and membranes.
  • The developed 15C5-MOFSNC demonstrates potential for applications requiring precise ion separation and energy conversion.