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Related Concept Videos

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
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The Role of Lung Function in Determining Which Children Develop Asthma.

Cindy T McEvoy1, Peter N Le Souef2, Fernando D Martinez3

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Early airway function assessed in infancy predicts later asthma risk. Factors like prematurity, smoke exposure, and genetics influence this risk, highlighting the need for early interventions and lifelong monitoring for asthma prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Altered early airway function is a significant risk factor for developing wheezing illnesses and asthma later in life.
  • Early life factors such as prematurity and smoke exposure can directly impact airway function and long-term asthma risk.
  • Immune responses, viral infections, microbiome, genetics, and epigenetics can indirectly influence early airway function and asthma susceptibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of early airway function in predicting adult asthma risk.
  • To identify pre- and postnatal factors influencing early airway function and subsequent asthma development.
  • To explore potential interventions for mitigating asthma risk through early life management.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal studies assessing airway function in infancy.
  • Analysis of pre- and postnatal factors impacting airway development.
  • Monitoring of wheezing illnesses and asthma development through adulthood.

Main Results:

  • Early airway function indices predict adult airway size, wall thickness, and asthma risk.
  • Factors like extreme prematurity and cigarette smoke exposure are linked to persistent alterations in airway function.
  • Vitamin C supplementation in pregnant smokers showed potential to mitigate in utero smoke effects on offspring lung function.

Conclusions:

  • Airway size and factors influencing it are critical determinants of lifetime asthma risk.
  • Effective asthma prevention strategies require interventions targeting early life airway development.
  • Further research in well-phenotyped birth cohorts with long-term monitoring is essential for advancing asthma prevention.