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Acrylamide monomers in universal adhesives.

M H Ahmed1, K Yoshihara2, N Nagaoka3

  • 1KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium; Tanta University, Department of Dental Biomaterials, Tanta, Egypt.

Dental Materials : Official Publication of the Academy of Dental Materials
|January 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The acrylamide monomer FAM-201 effectively replaced 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in universal adhesives, maintaining bond strength to dentin over time. However, HEAA did not show similar benefits, indicating FAM-201 as a promising HEMA alternative for dental bonding applications.

Keywords:
AcrylamidesBond strengthDurabilityHEMALinear mixed-effects model (LME)TEM

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

  • 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in universal adhesives (UAs) improves wetting but causes water sorption and hydrolysis, compromising long-term dentin bonding.
  • Investigating alternatives to HEMA is crucial for enhancing the durability of dental adhesive interfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate two acrylamide monomers, FAM-201 and HEAA, as potential replacements for HEMA in UA formulations.
  • To assess the impact of these replacements on bond strength and interfacial characteristics in both etch-and-rinse (2E&R) and self-etch (1SE) bonding modes.

Main Methods:

  • Four experimental UAs were formulated with either FAM-201, HEAA, HEMA, or a HEMA-free control, containing 10-MDP, Bis-GMA, and TEGDMA.
  • Bonding was performed on dentin using 2E&R and 1SE modes, with micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) tested after 1 week and 6 months of water storage.
  • Interfacial characterization included TEM, thin-film XRD, LogP determination, and cytotoxicity assays.

Main Results:

  • FAM-201 demonstrated significantly higher μTBS than HEMA+ in both 2E&R and 1SE modes at 1 week and 6 months.
  • HEAA showed significantly lower μTBS than HEMA+ in 1SE mode at 1 week.
  • FAM-201 exhibited the lowest cytotoxicity and intermediate LogP, suggesting good biocompatibility and hydrophilicity balance.

Conclusions:

  • The acrylamide co-monomer FAM-201 can successfully replace HEMA in UA formulations, offering comparable or superior long-term bond strength to dentin.
  • HEAA is not a suitable HEMA replacement due to reduced bond strength and high hydrophilicity.
  • FAM-201 represents a promising alternative for developing more durable and potentially less cytotoxic universal dental adhesives.