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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

44.8K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 12, 2025

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation
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A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation

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Neural suppression in odor recognition memory.

Tom Eek1,2,3, Fredrik Lundin1,2, Maria Larsson4

  • 1Department of Neurology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.

Chemical Senses
|January 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Successful odor recognition memory involves neural suppression in key brain regions like the amygdala and piriform cortex. A distinct network including the hippocampus is involved in processing odor novelty.

Keywords:
episodic memoryfamiliarityfunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)independent component analysis (ICA)olfactionregion of interest analysis (ROI)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Olfactory system research
  • Cognitive neuroscience

Background:

  • The neural underpinnings of olfactory functions, particularly odor memory, remain less understood compared to other sensory systems.
  • Investigating neural networks for passive smelling, odor encoding, and odor recognition memory is crucial for advancing olfactory neuroscience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the neural networks and correlates associated with passive smelling (PS), odor encoding (OE), and odor recognition memory (ORM).
  • To identify brain regions and network dynamics involved in successful odor recognition memory.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine 26 healthy participants across three distinct sessions for each olfactory function.
  • Independent component analysis (ICA) and region of interest (ROI) analyses were employed to identify neural patterns and activations.

Main Results:

  • A distinct ORM component involving the hippocampus and posterior cingulate showed delayed activation, separate from odor stimulation.
  • Successful odor recognition memory (Hit) was associated with significantly lower neural activations in the amygdala, piriform cortex, insula, thalamus, and inferior parietal lobule compared to other memory responses.
  • Neural suppression was observed in regions including the anterior insula, posterior cingulate gyrus, dentate gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, amygdala, and piriform cortex during odor familiarity.

Conclusions:

  • Successful recognition of familiar odors is linked to neural suppression in specific brain regions.
  • A network comprising the hippocampus and posterior cingulate is engaged in a post-recognition process, potentially related to encoding odor novelty.