Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

240
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
240
Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

1.4K
Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Emerging Role of Senolytics as a Next-Generation Strategy Against Glioma Recurrence: A Narrative Review.

Cancers·2026
Same author

The Interplay Between Periodontitis and Atrial Fibrillation: Inflammation as a Common Pathophysiological Bridge.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Preliminary Effects of Benralizumab in an AML Cell Model with Promyelocytic Features Expressing IL-5R: An Exploratory Proof-of-Concept Study.

Biomedicines·2026
Same author

Mucosal Remodeling in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: The Role of Innate Lymphoid Cells and Reprogramming Under IL-4Rα Blockade.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Recurrent Limitations of CAR-T Therapy in Gliomas: Evidence from Preclinical and Phase I Clinical Studies.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

Bergamot Polyphenols Reduce Hepatic Lipogenesis While Boosting Autophagy and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production in a Murine "Cafeteria" Model of MASLD.

Nutrients·2025
Same journal

Glycolysis and neutrophil extracellular traps in atherosclerosis: Mechanisms, association, and therapeutic strategies.

International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology·2026
Same journal

Development of RNase P ribozyme-based therapy against oral herpesvirus infections by HSV-1 and KSHV.

International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology·2026
Same journal

Liposomal nanotherapeutics for cancer treatment: Targeted delivery and immunotherapy.

International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology·2026
Same journal

Apoptosis enhancement in MCF-7 cells: Synergistic effects of doxorubicin and the novel sulfonamide Zm-093.

International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology·2026
Same journal

Primary epithelioid angiosarcoma of thyroid: A case report and review of literature.

International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology·2026
Same journal

Retraction: Adipose stem cells' antagonism in glycosylation of D-galactose-induced skin aging of nude mice and its skin recovery function.

International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 12, 2025

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
26:48

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: July 4, 2007

18.2K

Encephalitis lethargica. What is still wrong?

A Di Vito1, A Donato2, J Bria1

  • 1Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 9325University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.

International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology
|January 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Encephalitis lethargica, a historical epidemic, may have been a secondary autoimmune encephalitis triggered by a viral agent, possibly a coronavirus. The term should be retired for sporadic autoimmune encephalitis cases.

Keywords:
COVID-19Encephalitis lethargicaRussian influenzaSpanish influenzaautoimmune encephalitishistory of medicinepandemicsvirus

More Related Videos

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease
04:23

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

Published on: April 28, 2019

6.7K
A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus
05:33

A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus

Published on: June 23, 2022

2.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 12, 2025

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
26:48

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: July 4, 2007

18.2K
A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease
04:23

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

Published on: April 28, 2019

6.7K
A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus
05:33

A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus

Published on: June 23, 2022

2.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Epidemiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Encephalitis lethargica (EL) caused widespread epidemics from 1919-1926, characterized by consciousness disturbances and leading to post-encephalitic Parkinsonism.
  • Sporadic cases resembling EL have been considered, prompting a review of historical and contemporary epidemics.
  • Previous influenza pandemics (Nona, Russian, Spanish flu) and the current COVID-19 pandemic share neurological symptoms potentially linked to EL.

Approach:

  • This review analyzes historical epidemic data and current immunological findings.
  • Comparative analysis of neurological symptoms across different pandemics, including Spanish flu and COVID-19.
  • Evaluation of potential viral triggers and autoimmune mechanisms underlying Encephalitis lethargica.

Key Points:

  • Historical epidemics like Nona and Russian Influenza exhibited significant neurological manifestations.
  • Spanish flu occurred during a period overlapping with EL, suggesting potential connections.
  • COVID-19 shares clinical features with EL, indicating possible shared pathogenetic mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Encephalitis lethargica is proposed to be a secondary autoimmune encephalitis, likely triggered by a viral agent.
  • Coronaviruses are considered potential etiological agents for Encephalitis lethargica.
  • The term 'Encephalitis lethargica' should be discontinued for describing sporadic autoimmune encephalitis presentations.