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Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine01:29

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The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
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The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...
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Transduction01:16

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Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
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Plants have the impressive ability to create their own food through photosynthesis. However, plants often require assistance from organisms in the soil to acquire the nutrients they need to function correctly. Both bacteria and fungi have evolved symbiotic relationships with plants that help the species to thrive in a wide variety of environments.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 12, 2025

Analysis of Interactions between Endobiotics and Human Gut Microbiota Using In Vitro Bath Fermentation Systems
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Evolving interplay between natural products and gut microbiota.

Ning-Ning Zhang1, Zheng-Meng Jiang1, Shang-Zhen Li2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.

European Journal of Pharmacology
|January 30, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Natural products can treat diseases by interacting with gut microbiota. This review explores how these natural compounds and gut microbes influence each other, impacting host health and disease.

Keywords:
Biotransformation pathwaysGut microbiotaMetabolitesNatural products

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Natural Products Research

Background:

  • Gut microbiota imbalance is linked to various human disorders.
  • Natural products offer therapeutic potential with fewer side effects.
  • The efficacy of many natural products is influenced by gut microbiota.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex interplay between gut microbiota and host diseases.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between natural products and gut microbiota.
  • To summarize the biotransformation of natural products by gut microbiota and their effects on host health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on studies of natural products and gut microbiota.
  • Analysis of natural product metabolism within the gut environment.
  • Examination of how natural products modulate gut microbiota composition and function.

Main Results:

  • Natural products undergo biotransformation by gut microbiota, influencing their therapeutic activities.
  • Natural products can alter the composition and diversity of the gut microbial community.
  • These interactions impact gut barrier function and the production of microbial metabolites.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the gut microbiota-natural product interaction is crucial for deciphering therapeutic mechanisms.
  • This interplay offers novel strategies for managing microbiota-associated diseases.
  • Further research into these bidirectional relationships can advance personalized medicine.