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Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: A Review Article

K M Karaye1, M N Shehu2, M Ngantcha3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Bayero University & Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano State, Nigeria.

West African Journal of Medicine
|January 31, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a heart failure cause in Nigeria. Socioeconomic factors, pre-eclampsia, and selenium deficiency increase PPCM risk, while beta-blockers and obesity improve survival.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Obstetrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a significant cause of heart failure (HF) globally, particularly in regions like northern Nigeria.
  • The exact etiology of PPCM remains unknown, with proposed mechanisms including myocarditis, vasculo-hormonal factors, genetic susceptibility, and selenium deficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify risk factors and outcomes associated with peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) in Nigeria.
  • To investigate the role of socioeconomic factors, clinical characteristics, and customary practices in PPCM aetiopathogenesis and prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from the Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in Nigeria (PEACE) registry.
  • Statistical assessment of associations between various factors (socioeconomic, clinical, lifestyle) and PPCM risk, mortality, and survival.

Main Results:

  • Socioeconomic factors (low education, unemployment, underweight), pre-eclampsia, and selenium deficiency were independently associated with increased PPCM risk.
  • Maternal age <20 years, tachycardia, hypotension, and ejection fraction <25% were linked to higher mortality.
  • Beta-blocker use and obesity were associated with improved survival; selenium supplementation shows promise.

Conclusions:

  • Socioeconomic status and selenium deficiency are critical factors in PPCM development in Nigeria.
  • Early identification of high-risk patients and targeted interventions, including selenium supplementation, are crucial for improving outcomes in PPCM.

Keywords:
AetiologyOutcomesPeripartum cardiomyopathyRisk factors

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