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Strong-Proton-Adsorption Co-Based Electrocatalysts Achieve Active and Stable Neutral Seawater Splitting.

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Directly splitting seawater for hydrogen production is challenging due to competing reactions. New palladium-doped cobalt oxide catalysts promote the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), enabling stable and efficient hydrogen generation from neutral seawater.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Renewable Energy Storage

Background:

  • Direct electrolysis of neutral seawater for hydrogen generation is a promising renewable energy storage method.
  • Challenges include low current density and poor stability caused by anodic competition between chlorine evolution and oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
  • Developing catalysts with OER overpotential below ≈490 mV is crucial to suppress chloride evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a proton-adsorption-promoting strategy for enhanced and stable neutral seawater splitting.
  • To explore strong-proton-adsorption (SPA) materials, specifically palladium-doped cobalt oxide (Co3-xPdxO4), as efficient OER catalysts.
  • To investigate the mechanism behind the improved catalytic performance in neutral seawater.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of palladium-doped cobalt oxide (Co3-xPdxO4) catalysts.
  • Electrochemical evaluation of OER performance in pH-neutral simulated seawater, including overpotential measurements at 10 mA cm⁻².
  • Long-term stability testing at high current densities (200 mA cm⁻² and 1 A cm⁻²).
  • Experimental studies and theoretical calculations to elucidate the catalytic mechanism.

Main Results:

  • Co3-xPdxO4 catalysts achieved an OER overpotential of 370 mV at 10 mA cm⁻², outperforming Co3O4 by 70 mV.
  • The catalysts demonstrated excellent stability, operating for 450 hours at 200 mA cm⁻² and 20 hours at 1 A cm⁻² in neutral seawater.
  • Mechanism studies indicated that SPA cations accelerate the rate-determining water dissociation step in the neutral OER pathway.

Conclusions:

  • Palladium-doped cobalt oxide (Co3-xPdxO4) effectively promotes the oxygen evolution reaction in neutral seawater splitting.
  • The strong-proton-adsorption strategy significantly enhances catalytic activity and stability, overcoming limitations of direct seawater electrolysis.
  • This approach offers a viable pathway for efficient hydrogen production and renewable energy storage using abundant seawater resources.