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Related Concept Videos

Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
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Cleavage and Blastulation01:33

Cleavage and Blastulation

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After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
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Determination01:51

Determination

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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 12, 2025

An Explant Assay for Assessing Cellular Behavior of the Cranial Mesenchyme
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Folding the neural plate.

Amy E Baek1

  • 1Science Signaling, AAAS, Washington, DC 20005, USA.

Science Signaling
|January 31, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Coordinated ephrin and Wnt signaling are crucial for apical constriction and neural tube closure during embryonic development. This study highlights their essential roles in these fundamental developmental processes.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Cell signaling
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Apical constriction is a key cellular mechanism driving tissue morphogenesis.
  • Neural tube closure is a critical process in vertebrate embryonic development, forming the central nervous system.
  • Ephrin and Wnt signaling pathways are known regulators of cell behavior and tissue patterning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the coordinated roles of ephrin and Wnt signaling in apical constriction.
  • To elucidate the contribution of these signaling pathways to neural tube closure.
  • To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these developmental events.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genetic manipulation in model organisms.
  • Employed live imaging techniques to observe cellular dynamics.

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  • Performed molecular analyses to assess pathway activity.

    • Main Results:

    • Demonstrated that combined ephrin and Wnt signaling are essential for proper apical constriction.
    • Showed that disruption of this coordinated signaling leads to defects in neural tube closure.
    • Identified specific molecular interactions between ephrin and Wnt pathways.

    Conclusions:

    • Coordinated ephrin and Wnt signaling are indispensable for apical constriction.
    • These signaling networks play a vital role in ensuring successful neural tube closure.
    • Understanding this interplay provides insights into developmental abnormalities.