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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

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The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

24.1K
An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
24.1K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

17.4K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
17.4K
Chemical Equilibria: Redefining Equilibrium Constant01:20

Chemical Equilibria: Redefining Equilibrium Constant

637
The effect of an inert salt on the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt is known as the salt effect. The degree of the salt effect varies with the ionic strength of the solution, which in turn depends on the activity of the species in the solution. The activity is expressed as the product of concentration and the activity coefficient of the species.
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Non-equilibrium kinetics for improving ionic conductivity in garnet solid electrolyte.

Youwei Wang1,2,3, Tiantian Wang1,4, Xiaolin Zhao1,2,3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China. jliu@mail.sic.ac.cn.

Materials Horizons
|February 1, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Doping garnet solid-state electrolytes with tantalum creates non-equilibrium lithium ion configurations. This structural change lowers activation energy, significantly boosting lithium ion conductivity for better batteries.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are crucial for all-solid-state batteries but often suffer from limited ionic conductivity.
  • Hetero-valent transition metal doping is known to influence Li+ ion occupancy and conductivity, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Rational design of high-conductivity SSEs is hindered by a lack of understanding of doping effects on ion transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the structural and kinetic mechanisms by which hetero-valent doping impacts Li+ conductivity in garnet SSEs.
  • To investigate the role of non-equilibrium Li+ configurations induced by doping.
  • To provide insights for optimizing SSEs for enhanced ionic transport.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the garnet SSE Li7-xLaxZr2-xTaxO12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.625) as a model system.
  • Investigated the effect of varying Ta5+ doping concentrations on Li+ ion distribution and mobility.
  • Analyzed the relationship between doping-induced structural changes and ionic conductivity.

Main Results:

  • A Ta5+ doping concentration of x = 0.25 was found to generate a significant number of non-equilibrium Li+ configurations ([LiO6]-[LiO4]-[VLiO6]).
  • These non-equilibrium configurations promote off-center Li+ shifts and increase electrostatic energy, thereby reducing the activation energy for Li+ transport.
  • The study demonstrates that doping concentration directly controls the quantity of non-equilibrium Li+ ions, profoundly affecting Li+ ionic conductivity.

Conclusions:

  • Hetero-valent ion doping significantly enhances Li+ ionic conductivity in SSEs by controlling non-equilibrium Li+ ion populations.
  • Understanding and manipulating Li+ distribution is key to optimizing ionic transport in solid-state electrolytes.
  • These findings offer a pathway for the rational design of advanced solid-state batteries with improved performance.